Scientific realism and underdetermination in quantum theory

This paper surveys the status of scientific realism in relation to quantum physics, focusing on the problem of underdetermination

Well-nested Context Unification

International audienceContext unification (CU) is the famous open problem of solving context equations for trees. We distinguish a new decidable fragment of CU - well-nested CU - and present a new unification algorithm that solves well-nested context equations in non-deterministic polynomial time. We show that minimal well-nested solutions of context equations can be composed from the material present in the equation. This surprising property is highly wishful when modeling natural language ellipsis in CU

Alcances de las prácticas sociales educativas como dispositivo posibilitador de la formación integral de estudiantes : reflexiones sobre las primeras prácticas sociales educativas en la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias-UNCUYO

Entre septiembre y diciembre de 2019 se puso en marcha, por primera vez, la asignatura optativa “Prácticas Sociales Educativas" de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias de la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, aprobada mediante Resolución N° 065/2019-CD (Consejo Directivo, 2019). La misma tiene como objetivo generar espacios que propicien la formación integral a través de la interdisciplina, el diálogo de saberes y la vinculación entre los saberes académicos y las problemáticas territoriales. Esta primera experiencia se propuso realizar un diagnóstico participativo de la Huerta del Penal Boulogne Sur Mer y fue llevada a cabo por un grupo de estudiantes y docentes de la UNCUYO y del CENS N°3-503 de dicho penal. Dado que la asignatura PSE es un espacio en construcción y que este tipo de estrategias de enseñanza aprendizaje en vinculación con el medio son un fenómeno relativamente nuevo en las Universidades Nacionales, nos proponemos reflexionar sobre las potencialidades del espacio curricular como dispositivo posibilitador de los logros planteados en el programa académico. Si bien estaba planificado realizar una sistematización que involucrara a todos los actores vinculados a la experiencia, las circunstancias de pandemia y asilamiento impidieron esa posibilidad por lo que optamos por generar “encuentros de reflexión" en los que participó el equipo universitario y donde se trabajaron ciertos ejes pre-establecidos. Reconocer las limitaciones y posibilidades de las PSE, nos permitirá repensar y mejorar el desarrollo futuro de próximas prácticas educativas de la FCA en territorio.Fil: Nieto, Andrés. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias.Fil: Bernabé, M. Esperanza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias.Fil: Atencio, Ayelén. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias.Fil: Ander Egg, Guillermo. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias

Analysis the cost of prevention in construction sites

Los costes asociados a la seguridad y salud laboral han sido ampliamente estudiados en diversas actividades industriales. Sin embargo, los modelos tradicionales aplicados para su estudio no resultan efectivos en las obras de construcción. Por otra parte, considerando que son las obras de construcción las que registran las mayores tasas de siniestralidad laboral, y que los accidentes llevan asociados importantes costes, no solo para la sociedad sino también para las empresas en los que ocurren, el objetivo de esta investigación se ha centrado en analizar el alcance que presenta el sistema de gestión de los costes de seguridad en las empresas de construcción. Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo un estudio empírico, al objeto de analizar las posibles relaciones existentes entre el coste de prevención y el coste de los accidentes ocasionado en estas empresas, a partir de una muestra de 40 obras de construcción, en las que se han producido un total de 178 accidentes. En dicho estudio se ha puesto de manifiesto que en las fases de obra de mayor riesgo identificadas, estructuras y movimiento de tierras, se asumen los mayores costes de prevención, a pesar de que también se obtienen los peores datos de siniestralidad.The costs associated with work accidents have been thoroughly studied in a variety of activities. However, the traditional models for studying the costs derived from work accidents are not effective for use in analyzing construction sites. Moreover, considering that construction sites are the ones that register the highest number of work accidents and that these accidents have important associated costs, not just for the society but also for companies in which they occur, the main objective of this research is to analyze the health and safety costs management at the construction companies, for this the influence of the construction companies health and safety investment on the costs in which the construction sites incur as a consequence of the work accidents or improper health and safety measures, will be checked. For this reason a sample of 40 construction sites have been analized, with a total of 178 accidents

Surgical Simulator Design and Development

With the introduction of minimally invasive surgery (MIS), it became necessary to develop training methods to learn skills outside the operating room. Several training simulators have become commercially available, but fundamental research into the requirements for effective and efficient training in MIS is still lacking. Three aspects of developing a training program are investigated here: what should be trained, how it should be trained, and how to assess the results of training. In addition, studies are presented that have investigated the role of force feedback in surgical simulators. Training should be adapted to the level of behavior: skill-based, rule-based, or knowledge-based. These levels can be used to design and structure a training program. Extra motivation for training can be created by assessment. During MIS, force feedback is reduced owing to friction in the laparoscopic instruments and within the trocar. The friction characteristics vary largely among instruments and trocars. When force feedback is incorporated into training, it should include the large variation in force feedback properties as well. Training different levels of behavior requires different training methods. Although force feedback is reduced during MIS, it is needed for tissue manipulation, and therefore force application should be trained as well

Evidence for three genetic loci involved in both anorexia nervosa risk and variation of body mass index

The maintenance of normal body weight is disrupted in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) for prolonged periods of time. Prior to the onset of AN, premorbid body mass index (BMI) spans the entire range from underweight to obese. After recovery, patients have reduced rates of overweight and obesity. As such, loci involved in body weight regulation may also be relevant for AN and vice versa. Our primary analysis comprised a cross-trait analysis of the 1000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the lowest p-values in a genome-wide association meta-analysis (GWAMA) of AN (GCAN) for evidence of association in the largest published GWAMA for BMI (GIANT). Subsequently we performed sex-stratified analyses for these 1000 SNPs. Functional ex vivo studies on four genes ensued. Lastly, a look-up of GWAMA-derived BMI related loci was performed in the AN GWAMA. We detected significant associations (p-values < 5×10−5, Bonferroni corrected p < 0.05) for 9 SNP alleles at 3 independent loci. Interestingly, all AN susceptibility alleles were consistently associated with increased BMI. None of the genes (chr. 10: CTBP2, chr. 19: CCNE1, chr. 2: CARF and NBEAL1; the latter is a region with high linkage disequilibrium) nearest to these SNPs has previously been associated with AN or obesity. Sex-stratified analyses revealed that the strongest BMI signal originated predominantly from females (chr. 10 rs1561589; poverall: 2.47 × 10−06/pfemales: 3.45 × 10−07/pmales: 0.043). Functional ex vivo studies in mice revealed reduced hypothalamic expression of Ctbp2 and Nbeal1 after fasting. Hypothalamic expression of Ctbp2 was increased in diet induced obese (DIO) mice as compared to age-matched lean controls. We observed no evidence for associations for the look-up of BMI related loci in the AN GWAMA. A cross-trait analysis of AN and BMI loci revealed variants at three chromosomal loci with potential joint impact. The chromosome 10 locus is particularly promising given that the association with obesity was primarily driven by females. In addition, the detected altered hypothalamic expression patterns of Ctbp2 and Nbeal1 as a result of fasting and DIO implicate these genes in weight regulation

New therapeutic targets for osteoarthritis pain

Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common form of arthritis, causes pain and disability, as well as emotional distress. While total joint replacement is one of the most effective treatments available for improving the quality of life in people with severe OA, it is not suitable for all patients and all joints. Current pharmacological analgesics have limited efficacy, and their use is often restricted by adverse events. Medications that might reduce pain by slowing or preventing structural disease remain elusive. Our increasing understanding of the complex mechanisms that underlie OA pain offers a wide range of potential new treatment targets. New drugs for OA pain might come from repurposing those developed for other conditions, as well as novel compounds targeting pain mechanisms specific to the joint. Here we discuss the mechanisms of OA pain and its therapeutic implications. We explore evolving treatment modalities, including combination treatment. We review recent research and patents pointing to future OA therapies. We discuss the potential for biomarkers to facilitate drug development and targeting

Norms, Networks, Power, and Control: Understanding Informal Payments and Brokerage in Cross-Border Trade in Sierra Leone

Recent research has cast light on the variety of informal payments and practices that govern the day-to-day interactions between traders and customs agents at border posts in low-income countries. Building on this literature, this paper draws on survey and qualitative evidence in an effort to explore which groups are most advantaged and disadvantaged by the largely informal processes and norms governing cross-border trade. We find that understanding variation in strategies and outcomes across traders can only be effectively understood with reference to the importance of norms, networks, power, and the logic of control.Department for International DevelopmentBill and Melinda Gates Foundatio